Stationarity of health expenditures and GDP: evidence from panel unit root tests with heterogeneous structural breaks.

Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis In OIC Countries: Evidence From Panel Unit Root Tests With Heterogeneous Structural Breaks

Are Shocks to Real Output Permanent or Transitory? Evidence from a Panel of Pacific Island Countries

This paper applies conventional panel unit root tests and panel stationarity tests with and without structural breaks to examine the time series properties of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita for a panel of eight Pacific Island economies. The panel unit root and panel stationarity tests without structural breaks suggest that for the panel as a whole real GDP per capita contains a un...

Determinants of Healthcare Expenditure in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) Countries: Evidence from Panel Cointegration Tests

Background Over the last decade there has been an increase in healthcare expenditures while at the same time the inequity in distribution of resources has grown. These two issues have urged the researchers to review the determinants of healthcare expenditures. In this study, we surveyed the determinants of health expenditures in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) countries.   Methods We us...

On stationarity and cointegration of international health expenditure and GDP.

This paper examines stationarity and cointegration of health expenditure and GDP, for a sample of 21 OECD countries using data for the period 1960-1997, by applying a test battery that allows robust inference to be made on the stationarity and cointegration issue. Trend stationarity and no-cointegration are tested using new country-by-country and panel tests, not previously applied in this sett...

Stationarity Test for Aggregate Outputs in the Presence of Structural Breaks

This study tests for the stationarity of aggregate output (GDP at factor cost) and its three major components, namely GDP agriculture, GDP industry and GDP services in the presence of structural breaks during 1950-51 to 2011-12. Results indicate that (i) the GDP has three break points; (ii) GDP agriculture contains one while the GDP industry and GDP services contain four breaks each; and (iii) ...